Electron Configuration
[He]2s2 2p2
Academic Staff — Faculty of Science
Foundation — choose a department
Explore all 118 chemical elements, their classification and scientific properties.
Group 14 • Period 2 • p-block
[He]2s2 2p2
Ancient
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Explore Elements and Chemical Compounds
All 118 elements • click any tile for details
Try a name, symbol, atomic number, formula, CAS number or keyword.
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Scientific element properties are sourced from the PubChem periodic-table dataset; atomic-weight standards are maintained by NIST/IUPAC. Missing values are shown as “Not available” rather than invented. This database is educational and does not replace an official SDS or laboratory safety documentation.
Lecturer & Researcher
Physical / Nano Chemistry
Vapor pressure osmometry, Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions
Head of Chemistry Department · Soran University
Head of Chemistry Department · Soran University · PhD in Physical Chemistry (University of Kurdistan, Iran, 2014). Research focus: thermodynamics of ionic liquids and aqueous two-phase systems, green synthesis of metal & magnetic nanoparticles, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, and antibacterial nanomaterials.
Lecturer (PhD)
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy methods, Mass spectrometry, Ion mobility separation, Spectrophotometry, Flow injection
Lecturer · Analytical Chemistry · Soran University
PhD in Analytical Chemistry (Durham University, UK, 2018). Specialist in mass spectrometry, supramolecular chemistry, and analytical method development. Research interests cover lipidation of peptides and membrane proteins, spectrophotometric methods for pharmaceuticals, and bioactive natural product analysis.
Researcher (MSc)
Nano & Analytical Chemistry
Green nanomaterials, Phytochemistry, Spectrophotometry
Researcher · Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher at the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. Research focus on Nano Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, including green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, phytochemistry of medicinal plants, and derivative spectrophotometric methods.
Researcher
Chemistry Nanoscience
Chemistry Nanoscience
Scientific Research Center · Soran University
Researcher at the Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. Specialised in Chemistry Nanoscience with research on green synthesis of metal/oxide nanoparticles, solid polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries, and high-performance electrothermal nanocomposites (graphite/MgO, ZnO/g-C₃N₄).
Assistant Lecturer & Vice Head of Department · M.Sc.
Soran University researcher with interests in chemistry, nanotechnology and applied materials.
Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. Research interests: Phytochemistry and Phytonanotechnology — green synthesis of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles from plant extracts and essential oils, biosynthesis of magnetic and bimetallic nanocomposites, and their catalytic, antibacterial, antifungal and pollutant-removal applications.
Lecturer
Biochemistry
Lecturer at Soran University with academic interests in biochemistry, analytical methods and scientific publication.
Soran University
Lecturer at Soran University. Research interests: Biochemistry — phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants from the Kurdistan region, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts (e.g. Cucurbita pepo), and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of natural bioactive compounds.
Lecturer (PhD)
Polymer & Nano Chemistry
Single-chain polymer nanoparticles, Metal nanoparticles, Catalysts, polymer/graphene nanocomposites
General Science Department · Faculty of Education · Soran University
Lecturer at the General Science Department, Faculty of Education, Soran University, Soran – Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Research interests: Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles, Metal Nanoparticles, Catalysis, polymer/graphene nanocomposites, biosensors, and the green removal of organic and heavy-metal pollutants from water.
Lecturer & Researcher
Biochemistry / Molecular Biochemistry / Clinical Biochemistry
Biomarkers · Tumor markers · Molecular Biochemistry · Adipocytokines · Oxidative stress · miRNAs
Researcher
Chemistry / Analytical Chemistry
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, analytical chemistry
Doctorate (PhD) in Organic Synthesis
Lecturer at Soran University & Lecturer at Soran University
Chemistry Department · Soran University
Organic Synthesis · Nanochemistry · Natural product chemistry · Antibiotics
Assistant Lecturer
Analytical Chemistry
Department of Chemistry · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Soran, Iraq
Researcher
Inorganic Chemistry
Department of Chemistry · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Master of Chemistry Science
Organic Chemistry & Nano Chemistry
Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Assistant Lecturer
Department of Chemistry · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Soran, Iraq
Assistant Lecturer at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Iraq. Research focus: Analytical Chemistry, including spectrophotometric determination of pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, chloramphenicol) via diazotization/coupling reactions, liposome-based encapsulation of bioactive molecules from Kurdish grape and Iraqi date seeds, and extraction/determination of bioactive compounds for antioxidant and antibacterial applications.
Researcher
Department of Chemistry · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry — synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant studies of novel transition-metal (Cu(II), Ni(II)) homo-binuclear complexes with hydrazine-based ligands, and AgFe₃O₄ nanocomposites for antibacterial activity and pharmaceutical (paracetamol) removal from aqueous solution.
Master of Chemistry Science
Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Holder of a Master's degree in Chemistry Science at the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests: Organic Chemistry and Nano Chemistry — including the study of clinical biomarkers (serum calprotectin and B-cell activating factor) for Helicobacter pylori infection.
Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq · Lecturer & Researcher
Lecturer & Researcher at the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran – Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Research interests: Biomarkers, Tumor markers, Adipocytokines, Oxidative stress and miRNAs. Work focuses on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative DNA damage in cancer patients (stomach, colorectal), vitamin D and trace-element profiles in chronic disease, calprotectin/BAFF as potential biomarkers (Helicobacter pylori, COVID-19), and green-synthesised nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity.
Department of Chemistry · Soran University
Researcher in the Department of Chemistry, Soran University. Research interests: Chemistry / Analytical Chemistry — with a focus on the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using locally grown plant extracts (e.g. Allium sativum) and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity.
Chemistry Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Doctorate (PhD) in Organic Synthesis
Lecturer at Soran University & Lecturer at Soran University
Lecturer and researcher at the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, holding a Doctorate (PhD) in Organic Synthesis. Research interests focus on Organic Synthesis, Nanochemistry, and Natural Product Chemistry & Antibiotics, including the synthesis and characterization of novel nitrones, imine and Schiff-base derivatives, azomethine oxides, thiazine derivatives, and bio-inspired nanocatalysts (e.g. TiO₂@CuO@Chromite) for environmentally friendly chemical transformations and antimicrobial applications.
Researcher & Head of Biology Department
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Head of Biology Department, Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan–Iraq.
Head of Biology Department · Department of Biology · Soran University · Kurdistan–Iraq
Head of the Biology Department, Soran University. Research interests in Molecular Biology and Genetics — fungal geoactivities and bioremediation, urolithiasis models, comparative production performance in local quails, and biochemical effects of medicinal seed extracts in albino rats.
Researcher
Ecology
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Ecology, mycology and environmental biotechnology.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests focus on Ecology — including mycelium-based sustainable materials, environmental biotechnology of fungal systems, psychrophilic enzymes, and freshwater pollution / eutrophication assessment in Kurdistan rivers.
Researcher
Biology / Endocrinology
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. Research focus on endocrine physiology — including kisspeptin and thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism, and endothelin-1 receptor activity in induced-hyperthyroid models.
Researcher
Biology · Genetics
Biology Department, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Biology · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Biology Department, Soran University. Research interests: Biology & Genetics — biochemical and genetic markers in breast cancer, chromosomal aberration and genotoxicity studies, gene expression of TLR/9p21.3 markers in coronary artery disease, and trace-element analysis in cardiovascular patients.
Researcher
Immunology · Microbiology
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests: Immunology and Microbiology, with focus on host immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis models.
Researcher
Ecology · Environmental Pollution · Renewable Energy · Climate Change · Botany
Soran University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Ecology, Environmental Pollution & Sustainability, Renewable Energy, Climate Change and Botany — including phytoremediation of heavy metals using wetland plant species.
Researcher
Molecular Virology · Microbiology · Clinical Virology · Immunology
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Biology · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests: Molecular Virology, Microbiology, Clinical Virology and Immunology — including parasitology of slaughtered animals, plant-extract antiparasitic activity, and post-COVID-19 management with medicinal plants.
Researcher
General Biology · Molecular · Genetics · Physiology · Biochemistry
Higher Diploma of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil.
Higher Diploma of Biology · Salahaddin University-Erbil
Researcher with Higher Diploma in Biology from Salahaddin University-Erbil. Research interests span General Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Physiology and Biochemistry — including antimicrobial activity of Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes.
Assistant Lecturer
Food Microbiology
Soran University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Assistant Lecturer at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interest: Food Microbiology — including bacterial contamination assessments in ready-to-eat meat products.
Researcher
Biology · Medicinal Plants
Biology Department, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Biology Department · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Biology Department, Soran University. Research interests: Biology and Medicinal Plants — including the protective effects of plant extracts on hematological and biochemical parameters in toxicological models.
Researcher
Veterinary Parasitology · Poultry Pathology
Soran University, Biology Department.
Biology Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Biology Department, Soran University. Research focus on poultry parasitology, morphometrics, genomics and histopathology — including coccidiosis in backyard chickens of Erbil/Soran.
Researcher
Cell Physiology
Master in cell physiology, Iraq–Kurdistan region, Soran University.
Biology Department · Soran University · Iraq–Kurdistan Region
Researcher in Physiology at the Biology Department, Soran University, Iraq–Kurdistan region. Holds a Master in cell physiology with research interests in haematological and biochemical effects of smoking and medicinal plant extracts on liver and urological systems.
Researcher
Animal Physiology
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University
Researcher in Animal Physiology at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests include urolithiasis models in male albino rats, melatonin protective roles in hypertension and pinealectomized rats, and therapeutic effects of medicinal plant extracts (Allium siculum, Lactuca serriola, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Crataegus azarolus).
Researcher
Biology and Phycolimnology
Assistant Lecturer, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Biology Department · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Assistant Lecturer at the Biology Department, Soran University. Research interests in Biology and Phycolimnology — algal biodiversity in Kurdistan inland waters, ecological observations of cyanobacteria (Glaucospira, Cyanophyta), and DNA-based detection of algal species in the Soran Independent Administration.
Researcher
Parasitology
Master in Biology – Parasitology, Soran University.
Biology Department · Soran University
Researcher in Parasitology at the Biology Department, Soran University. Research focus on cystic echinococcosis — host immune responses, immunohistochemical and histopathological characterisation of murine and ovine hydatid cysts, and protoscolicidal nanocomposites.
Lecturer
Cell Biology · Cancer Biology · Histology
Soran University, Faculty of Science, Biology Dept.
Lecturer · Faculty of Science, Biology Dept. · Soran University
Lecturer at the Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Soran University. Research interests span Cell Biology, Cancer Biology and Histology — including carbon quantum dot-based sensing of ferric ions and ascorbic acid, effects of dietary supplements on liver and kidney in paracetamol-treated rats, histological interfaces of organ exposure to fluoxetine, novel PLGA-HA-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems targeting colorectal carcinoma cells, nephrotoxicity models, and immunophenotypic properties of CLL and ALL patient cells by flow cytometry.
Researcher
Environmental Technology (Bioremediation) · Microbiology
Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Biology · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Researcher at the Biology Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Research interests cover Environmental Technology (Bioremediation) and Microbiology — including green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, antimicrobial activity studies, native aquatic plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals in outdoor experiments, biosynthesized green adsorbent nanocomposites (CuO NPs and CuO/Fe₃O₄ NCs) for removal of dyes and heavy metals, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of antibacterial and pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions, and freshwater protection and wastewater treatment rehabilitation.
Professor
Medical Parasitology · Immunology · Biomedical Sciences
Professor, Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Professor · Department of Biology · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Professor at the Department of Biology, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Research interests span Medical Parasitology, Immunology and Biomedical Sciences — with extensive expertise in cystic echinococcosis (nanoparticle-based anti-parasitic agents, immunological aspects, protoscolicidal activity), green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, NiO, Ag, ZnO/Pd-Ag) using plant extracts and their biological applications, Sarcocystis species molecular characterisation, rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers (IL-17, vitamin D, anti-CCP antibodies), polycystic ovary syndrome endocrinology, COVID-19 immunological profiles (ACE2/IL-6 polymorphisms, IL-6, TNF-α), and bibliometric analyses of oncology research.
Researcher · PhD in Food Microbiology
Food Microbiology · Resistance Gene · Antibiotic Resistance
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
PhD in Food Microbiology · Department of Biology · Faculty of Science · Soran University · Kurdistan Region, Iraq
PhD in Food Microbiology, Soran University. Research interests: Food Microbiology, Resistance Gene, and Antibiotic Resistance — including antibiotic-resistant pathogens isolated from dairy and food products in the Kurdistan Region, probiotic-fortified beverages, oxidative stability of edible oils, biochemical analyses of pomegranate cultivars, plant protein hydrolysates for seed priming, and cancer incidence epidemiology in Kurdistan-Iraq.
Head of Computer Science Department
AI · Speech Processing · Deep Learning
Head of Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Head of Computer Science Department · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Head of Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Artificial Intelligence, Speech Processing, Deep Learning, Kurdish NLP, end-to-end speech synthesis, and ensemble models for sentiment analysis.
Lecturer & Researcher
Statistics · Machine Learning
Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research focus on statistical learning, robust regression, and applied machine learning, with publications on partial least squares regression and outlier estimation.
Lecturer & Researcher
AI · Databases · Multimedia Systems
Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Soran, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Databases, Multimedia Systems, facial recognition under occlusion, deep learning for medical imaging, and metaheuristic optimization for clinical decision making.
Lecturer & Researcher
Data Science · AI
Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, feature selection with evolutionary algorithms, and recommender systems.
Researcher
AI · Statistics · Sentiment Analysis
Affiliated with Computer Science research collaborations involving Soran University; based at Computer Science Department, College of Science, Charmo University.
Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher in Computer Science with focus on AI, statistical analysis of stochastic algorithms, sentiment analysis, IoT in healthcare, and multi-objective optimization.
Lecturer & Researcher
Software Engineering · Deep Learning · Data Science · Time Series
Department of Computer Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Computer Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Software Engineering, Deep Learning, Data Science, Time Series analysis, big data techniques, HRMS systems, and graphical authentication.
Lecturer & Researcher
Machine Learning · AI
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, with work on Kinect sensor-based Kurdish Sign Language Recognition using Echo State Networks.
Lecturer & Researcher
Sentiment Analysis · AI · Kurdish Language · Speech Analysis
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Soran, Soran, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Soran. Research interests focus on Kurdish Natural Language Processing, sentiment analysis using deep learning, speech analysis, and AI applications for low-resource languages.
Lecturer & Researcher
Computer Vision
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Soran University.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Soran University. Research interests focus on Computer Vision, low-light image enhancement, and semantic-perceptual deep learning models.
Lecturer & Researcher
Machine Learning · Computer Vision · AI
Computer Science Department, University of Soran.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Computer Science Department, University of Soran. Research interests cover Machine Learning, Computer Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, with work on anomaly detection in streaming data.
Lecturer & Researcher
AI · Computer Networks
Soran University, Department of Computer Science.
Lecturer & Researcher · Computer Science Department · Soran University
Researcher at the Department of Computer Science, Soran University. Research interests cover Artificial Intelligence and Computer Networks, with work on integrating CNN and dictionary mechanisms for loop closure detection.
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Mass → moles or moles → mass using the formula's molar mass.
M = n/V. Enter the two known quantities and select what to calculate.
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Nₐ = 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹.
Mass percentage of every element in a compound.
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Enter element percentages or masses; each row is converted to moles and normalized.
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